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^Memorial Pilgrimage 



Issued in connection with 
the unveiling of the heroic 
statue of Dr. Booker T. 
Washington at Tuskegee 
Normal and Industrial 
Institute on April 5, 1922 



MARCH 1922 . NEW YORK 




BOOKER TALIAFERRO WASHINGTON 

Memorializing his leadership in the education of the Negro, 
this statue by Charles Keck, the national gift of American 
Negroes, will be unveiled at Tuskegee Institute before a dis- 
tinguished gathering on April 5, 1922 



i 



^ ^y^emorial Pilgrimage 



FRESH from the inspiration of training under 
General Armstrong at Hampton Institute, a young 
and inconspicuous black man made his initial trip 
in 1 88 1 into the Black Belt of Alabama to answer the 
call of service to his race. The man was Booker Talia- 
ferro Washington; the Alabama town was Tuskegee. 
This town of Tuskegee, founded early in the century, 
had become the cultural center of the State. With its 
great schools for white children and its noble Southern 
mansions set in a background of evergreen oaks, mag- 
nolias and cypresses, it was typical of the best in 
Southern aristocracy. But on the other side of the 
picture were the Negroes, the lustre of their newly 
acquired freedom tarnished by the continued hopeless- 
ness of their lot. For that freedom, which had meant so 
much to them, actually offered nothing, when they were 
thrown upon their own resources, to lift them out of the 
heritage from slave days of poverty and ignorance. 

In this town two men determined at least to modify 
this paradox of democracy. One was George W. Camp- 
bell, the leading banker of the town, the other a Negro 
tinsmith, of the name of Lewis Adams, and their co- 
operation was representative of the best traditions of the 
South. Realizing that something should be done to 
correct the situation, they initiated the idea of a school 

[3] 




WHITE HALL, A GIRLS DORMITORY 

A memorial to Moses T. White, one of the earliest and most 
helpful of Booker Washington's friends, this building was 
erected, through the generous beneficence of his family, largely 
by the boys of the school with bricks made by their fellow 
students. The photograph gives an idea of the gently rolling 
country in which the school is situated 

for the freedmen, and the following year a modest appro- 
priation was made by the State Legislature for the 
furtherance of this plan. Already the reputation of 
Hampton had penetrated the Black Belt from far-away 
Virginia, and General Armstrong was asked to select a 
teacher competent to organize such a school. 

So it was that Booker T. Washington arrived at 
Tuskegee. What he had to work with were two frame 
cabins and a ruined chapel on an abandoned cotton 
plantation near the edge of this prosperous county seat. 
He also found the whites, with few exceptions, possessed 
of real misgivings as to the effect of education on their 
former slaves, and the Negroes governed by an equally 

[4] 



live suspicion of education expressed in terms of work. 
For the Negroes considered freedom from slavery as free- 
dom from the necessity to work, and "book learning" as 
in itself the solution of all their troubles. 

In the face of the contrast between the wealthy town 
and the abandoned plantation, and of the even sharper 
contrast between public opinion and his message of the 
dignity of trained labor, this untried young man began 
to build for his race and for his country. And such were 
the genius and perseverance of this master-builder that 
local opinion changed from hostility to approval, and 




THE CARNEGIE LIBRARY 

Economies in its construction, made possible by the labor of 
Tuskegee students in making the bricks and erecting the 
structure, greatly strengthened the regard in which the Insti- 
tute was held by Mr. Carnegie 

[S] 



AN EXHIBIT OF MECHANICAL DRAWING 

On the right wall is a plan of the Institute grounds, and on the 
left a chart showing the growth and development of the school 
over four decades. There are now approximately two thousand 
students enrolled in the Institute, three hundred children in 
the Grammar School, and two hundred and fifteen teachers. 
The six weeks' session of the summer school last year was 
attended by over six hundred colored school teachers 



the school began to develop and to attract attention. 
Already having as a nucleus the sympathetic interest of 
the men and women supporting Hampton, young Wash- 
ington began to win new friends; just as, one day, a 
special car was sidetracked at Tuskegee while a busy 
railway executive carefully inspected the modest school 
plant and talked at length with its founder, the begin- 
ning of a life-long friendship. Others came; the poten- 
tiahties of this Negro school attracted an ever-widening 
audience. 

[6] 




DR. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON 
F"rom a photograph taken in his study at Tuskegee 



[7} 




THE JOHN A. ANDREW MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Given in memory of the famous war-governor of Massa- 
chusetts, this Hospital not only takes care of the students and 
hundreds of Negroes in adjacent States, but serves as a stimu- 
lus to improvement in the professional standards of colored 
physicians and surgeons throughout the South. During a 
week's clinic last year, eleven hundred patients were treated. 



But it was in 1895 when Mr. Washington spoke in the 
auditorium of the Atlanta Exposition as the representa- 
tive of his race, that the country really awoke to the 
significance of his message. The following year saw this 
ex-slave installed as an Honorary Doctor of Laws of 
Harvard University. Tuskegee town was brought out of 
its aloofness from the bustle of affairs into national 
prominence and the journey of young Washington into 
the far-away Black Belt in 1881 became within two 
decades a part of the itinerary of many distinguished 
visitors to the United States. 

By the first of the Twentieth Century the Negro had 
begun to receive the recognition which his importance 

[8] 



to the problems of American democracy merits. A few 
brave spirits in the South began to speak out and were 
joined by Northerners in organizing the annual Con- 
ference on Education in the South which was later 
crystallized into the Southern Education Board and 
made so vital by the active participation of such leaders 
as the late Walter Hines Page, Morris K. Jessup, and 
William H. Baldwin, Jr., and as Dr. Albert Shaw, Dr. 
Wallace Buttrick and others. 

Prominent in this group was the late Robert C. 
Ogden, the New York merchant so beloved for his public 



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DR. WASHINGTON S LAST PHOTOGRAPH WITH HIS 
BOARD OF TRUSTEES 

Seated (left to right): A. J. VVilborn, William G. VVillcox, Julius 
Rosenwald, Booker T. Washington, Seth Low, R. O. Simpson, 
Charles W. Hare, W. W. Campbell. 

Standing: Warren Logan, Frank Trumbull, William M. Scott, 
Emmett J. Scott, Charles E. Mason, V. H. Tulane. 

[9] 




SOME OF MR. OGDEN S GUESTS 

In one of the famous Ogden Parties to Tuskegee were included 
George McAneny, Dr. Lyman Abbott, Dr. Mollis B. Frissell, 
Andrew Carnegie, and Dr. Charles W. Eliot. They are shown 
here standing on the steps of the Chapel with Mr. Ogden and 
Dr. Washington 



[lo] 




REVIEWING STAND, TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 

In addition to those pictured on the opposite page, the 

above gathering includes WilUam J. Schieffehn, Wallace 

Buttrick, Miss Clara Spence, I. N. Selignian, J. G. Phelps 

Stokes, and James H. Dillard 

spirit and generosity. For more than a decade this man, 
anxious that others should see the importance of a 
proper pubHc opinion in regard to the problems of the 
South, took as his guests on a special train each year to 
the Southern city where the educational conference was 
being held, a group of men and women noted for their 
public interests. Although not an annual practice, these 
trips frequently included a visit to Tuskegee. The 
"Ogden Parties" became an outstanding expression of 
America's traditional emphasis on the importance of 
education, and their frequent association with Tuske- 
gee brought home to the public the value of this 
Institute's contribution toward solving a peculiarly im- 
portant phase of our educational problem. 



Undoubtedly the most conspicuous trip and a high 
Hght in American educational history, was the Ogden 
Party which attended the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of 
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in 1906. In 
this party Mr. Ogden gathered among his guests such 
national figures as Dr. Lyman Abbott, Dr. Charles W. 
Eliot, Andrew Carnegie, Dr. H. B. Frissell, J. G. Phelps 
Stokes, William G. Willcox and Miss Clara Spence. The 
coming together of this band of leaders near the little, 
isolated town of Tuskegee, brought home to the Ameri- 
can people, as had nothing before, the importance of this 
problem and of the means being offered for its solution. 




A PRESIDENT VISITS TUSKEGEE 

The visit of the late Theodore Roosevelt to Tuskegee Insti- 
tute during his presidential term and the respect which he paid 
to Dr. Washington's advice were of outstanding importance in 
directing public attention to a practical solution of America's 
greatest educational problem. Colonel Roosevelt was at the 
time of his death an active Trustee of the Institute 

[12] 



(«TfnlP1iiLi 4 


hffPS 







NOTABLE VISITORS FROM ABROAD 

The late Lord Bryce and Lady Bryce, Sir Harry H. Johnston 

and others, greeted at the train by Dr. Washington on their 

arrival at Tuskegee 

Supplementing these annual trips have been the 
visits to the Institute of other notable personages from 
this and foreign countries. Presidents Roosevelt and 
McKinley each visited Tuskegee during his presidency, 
as did William H. Taft when Secretary of War; and this 
same recognition was in effect accorded when President 
Cleveland inspected the Negro Building at the x'\tlanta 
Exposition on the arm of Booker T. W^ashington. 
Among the distinguished visitors from abroad have been 
the late Lord Bryce and Lady Bryce, and Sir Harry H. 
Johnston. In recent years leading Southerners have also 
expressed their recognition of Tuskegee's importance 
through participation in public exercises of the Institute, 
as last year when Dr. M. Ashby Jones, of Atlanta, made 

[•3] 




BIRDSEYE VIEA 

Taken from the roof of one of the buildings, the picture shows White Hall and Tc 

street, down which the students are marching toward the Chapel at the extrem 

and fifty acres in the Campus, and an additional fifteen hundred acres compr 

chief advocates of diversified crops, which have been of 




TUSKEGEE S INFLUENi 

Some of the farmers of Macon County coming into the Institute on horse- and 

Negroes attended the Conference this year, evidence that from a feeling of suspi( 

Institute's agricultural experts in the management of their farms. Extending this 

Day, where the discussion of agricultural problems and methods on a 

[14] 




F THE CAMPUS 

kins Hall in the background, with the Administration Building across the main 
t. In the left foreground are the girls' trades buildings. There are one hundred 
I farms, truck gardens, orchards, and pastures. Tuskegee has been one of the 
greatest importance in the new prosperity of the South 




tN THE COUNTRYSIDE 

le-back to attend the annual Farmers' Conference. Three thousand of these 
, the farmers have been won over to accepting the advice and leadership of the 
uence to the oncoming generation, there is held each year a Macon County Boys' 
aller scale, is as lively and as educational as in the larger Conference 

[15] 



the principal address at the Fortieth Anniversary of the 
Institute. And on another occasion the late Governor 
Bickett of North Carolina was a guest of Tuskegee. 

The final visit of an Ogden Party to Tuskegee was 
made in 1913 within a few months of the death of this 
devoted friend. Since then the Trustees of Tuskegee 
Institute have carried on the tradition of these parties 
by arranging for specially invited groups of men and 
women to accompany them on the trip to the annual 
spring meeting of the Board, held at the Institute. The 
practice is to reserve as many cars as are required to 
accommodate the party and to have these attached to 
one of the through trains to the South. During the 
four days' visit of the party at the Institute, these Pull- 
mans are sidetracked at Tuskegee for use on the return 
trip, but the members of the party are the guests of the 
Institute in one of the dormitories, which is reserved for 
this purpose. Meals are served in the practice dining- 
room of Dorothy Hall, the Home Economics Building. 



[16] 



THl\ annual trip this year, which will start from New 
York on April first and return the seventh, will be of 
special interest as it will provide the occasion for the 
unveiling of the heroic bronze statue of Booker T. Wash- 
ington, the work of Charles Keck, of New York. The 
statue represents the founder of Tuskegee lifting the 
veil of darkness and ignorance from his less-fortunate 
brother who, gazing into the new light, sees a vision of 
education gained not alone from books but from a 
mastery of manual trades as represented here by the 
plow, the anvil and the square and compass. This 
memorial to Dr. Washington, erected by the contri- 
butions of one hundred thousand Negroes, is a signifi- 
cant tribute from the members of his own race. 







THE OUTPUT IN MANHOOD 

This group of upstanding young men, composing the Y. M. 
C. A. Cabinet Staff, is far removed from the loafer on the city 
street corner or the untrained, shiftless farm hand of the 
country districts. These young men take out with them from 
Tuskegee into communities far afield, a good training as 
artisan or farmer, a fine standard of living and a consecration 
of service to their less fortunate brothers 

[17] 



The ceremony of unveiling will be made a part of the 
annual Founder's Day exercises, which will be held this 
year on April 5th. Speakers at these exercises will be 
Dr. Wallace Buttrick, Chairman of the General Edu- 
cation Board, Hon. Josephus Daniels, ex-Secretary of 
the Navy, and Dr. George C. Hall, the eminent Negro 
surgeon of Chicago. The statue will be presented on 
behalf of its donors by Dr. Emmett J. Scott, now of 
Howard University and for many years Secretary to 
Dr. Washington. William G. Willcox, Chairman of the 




COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES AT THE INSTITUTE 

Line of Seniors marching into the Chapel for the final exercises 
in their school life. The young men are dressed in the uniform 
of the Corps, the young women in white dresses made by them- 
selves for the occasion 

[18] 




A LONG WAY FROM PORK AND CORN TONE 

Tlu' training given these girls in the importance of a varied 

diet, well cooked, is of the utmost importance in improving the 

health and living standards of the rural South 

Board of Trustees, will accept the gift on behalf of the 
Institute. 

Another feature of this year's visit will be a pageant 
showing the forty years of its existence. 

To many, the trip this year for the unveiling of the 
statue will present the occasion again to pay tribute to 
the memory of the man who first attracted their active 

[19] 




CHAIRMAN, PRINCIPAL AND FRIENDS 
William G. Willcox, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, and 
Dr. Robert R. Moton, Principal, with a group of Trustees 
and friends, standing at the back of the memorial tablet erected 
in memory of William H. Baldwin, Jr., for many years Chair- 
man of the Finance Committee, and one of the early friends of 
Dr. Washington in the development of this great institution 



[20} 



interest in his great endeavor. For them it will be, too, 
the revisiting of a Tuskegee consecrated by memories 
of old associations, as many of the finest spirits whom 
Dr. Washington enlisted in his cause have either pre- 
ceded or followed him off the stage. For them it must 
be an occasion full of solemn retrospection, yet brighr- 
ened now and in prospective by the hopefulness inherent 
in a great and living institution filled with the con- 
tinuing progress of youth. 

To those whose initial pilgrimage this will be, the in- 
spiration will lie in their first contact with Dr. Wash- 
ington's greatest monument, Tuskegee Institute itself, 
its faculty and its students. Here is no bronze, but the 
living, changing forces of men and women, and the 
buildings which they make animate by their habitation; 




JULIUS ROSENWALD, OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 

With Mrs. RosonwakI and their daughter, Mrs. Armaiui 
Deutsch, on hist spring's visit to Tuskegee 

[21} 




LEARNING NEW STANDARDS IN CLEANLINESS 




A CORNER OF THE INSTITUTE S PRINTING TRADES SHOP 

[22] 




ONE OF THE ROSENWALD SCHOOL HOUSES 

This school building, in Lee County, Alabama, is but one of 

many hundred scattered throughout the Black Belt, evidence 

of the lively interest and helpfulness shown by Mr. Rosen- 

wald in improving educational facilities for the Negroes 

and, under the wise leadership of Dr. Robert Russa 
Moton, the outHne remains the same, pulsating with life 
as it was left by Dr. Washington, master-sculptor in 
American civilization. And this great, speaking monu- 
ment will be seen at its best against the balmy South in 
her most propitious time. Spring will be far advanced 
and the well-tilled fields of the school farm will be burst- 
ing with young life. Trades and home economics 
buildings will be humming with industry; the farm stock 
sleek and contented. 

These buildings themselves assume real personality 
when it is remembered that young and middle-aged men 
now spreading the message of the dignity of labor and of 
service to fellow men in many a humble school and 

[23] 




BLUE RIBBON DAIRY HERD SHOW 

This annual event is an expression of the interest developed 

by Tuskegee Institute in the improvement of agricultural 

conditions, through well-directed attention to importance of 

proper animal husbandry 

settlement throughout the South, absorbed these ideals 
while making the bricks and erecting the buildings, and 
learned their English by writing about them and their 
arithmetic by measuring their walls. For the physical 
plant of Tuskegee Institute with its scores of great 
dormitories, trades buildings, barns, administration 
offices, library, chapel, hospital and power plant would 
be coldly imposing but for the knowledge of the human 
values which they represent. 

Above all, it was the human value of Booker Washing- 
ton that counted in making possible this great plant. 
For here was a man with a monetary value of I400 as a 
slave boy, and with no known value when, still a lad, he 
was freed. He walked hundreds of miles to Hampton 

[24] 



because he had heard that colored boys could get an 
education there. Arrived, he had not the training to 
pass the simplest examination; but he could sweep out 
a room thoroughly, so thoroughly that he won the 
approval of a school teacher from that New England 
which had developed its own ideas of the meaning of 
thoroughness. Failing completely in the formal examina- 
tion, he passed with honors in"gumption,"and four years 
later he was selected to answer the call from Alabama. 




SUNDAY AFTERNOON CONCERT ON THE CAMPUS 

Groups of students and friends from the countryside enjoying 
a concert arranged by the Music Department. Taking as a 
basis the inherent musical expression of this race, the training 
given here in singing and playing has produced remarkable 
results. In such a setting as this, Negro "Spirituals" take on 
greater significance and expression than when heard in the 
auditoria of the North 

[2S] 




THE LATE GOVERNOR BICKETT OF NORTH CAROLINA 

Walking across the Tuskegee Campus with Dr. R. R. Moton, 

on the occasion of his last visit to the Institute 

Again he was faced with the problem of values. The 
cotton plantation and the cabins on it had had their 

price in slavery days; now 
they were "freed" along 
with him. But he went at 
the task in the spirit which 
had won him entrance to 
Hampton; and did the job 
so well that after twenty 
years so shrewd a man as 
the late Andrew Carnegie, 
in giving $600,000 to the 
endowment of Tuskegee In- 
stitute, expressly stipulated 

[26] 




AN INTKRHSTKD CROUP 



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INSPECTING TUSKEGEE DURING THEIR ANNUAL VISIT 

This group of Trustees and their guests includes Messrs. 
SchieffeHn, Willcox and Mason 

that the income from |^i 50,000 of this amount should 
be set aside for the personal needs of Dr. Washington. 
The intent was that he should not have to worry about 
his family but should devote all his thought and energy 
to administering and de- 
veloping his school. 

The physical plant and 
endowment of this enter- 
prise might reach the amaz- 
ing total of $3,000,000, 
as it had at the time of 
Booker Washington's death 
in December, 191 ^J, but 
buildings must always re- 

[27] 




WELCOME TO TUSKECEE 




TEACHERS ATTENDING SUMMER SCHOOL 

Six hundred and forty teachers attended last year's session of 
the Tuskegee Institute Summer School. Here, as in the case 
of the medical clinics and farmers' conferences, is an example 
of the widespread influence exerted by the Institute in the 
betterment of educational methods and standards of living 

main human and friendly that were erected under the 
leadership of such a man by boys starting in, as he had 
done, on the very lowest rung of the ladder. 

His great teacher, General Armstrong, finished his 
work at Hampton Institute with the words, "Hampton 
must not go down." Booker T. Washington speaks to us 
today with the same stirring message, "Tuskegee must 
not go down." Its foundation is laid deep in the needs 
of twelve million Negroes. Its success is firmly estab- 
lished by forty years of experience. Its future is in the 
hands of its friends — a sacred legacy from its great 
founder. • 



[28] 



II 


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.00 



PROGRAM FOR THE ENTERTAINMENT OF THE TRUSTEES 
OF TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE AND THEIR FRIENDS 

April 2 to April 5, ig22 

Sunday, April 2 

Arrive at the Institute. 

Inspect students marching to Chapel. 

Chapel Service. 

Visit Students Dining Hall and Teachers' Home. 

Visit Country Church. 

Guard Mount and Band Concert. 

Monday, April 3 
9.00 A.M. Visit Children's House. 

10.00 Trustee Meeting. Friends accompanying the Trustees will 

go from Children's House to General Stores, Boys' 
Trades Buildings, and the various shops. 
12.15 P.M. Observe students march to dinner. 
3.00 Inspection, Girls' Physical Training, White Hall Lawn. 

7.30 Exercises, Institute Chapel. 

Tuesday, April 4 
g.oo A.M. Visit Academic Building. 
10.00 Trustee Meeting. Friends accompanying Trustees will 

visit Power Plant, Hospital, Agricultural Department. 
3.00 P.M. Pageant showing the progress of the Institute during the 
forty years of its existence. White Hall Lawn. 

Wednesday, April 5 

The Forenoon will be left open for conferences and oppor- 
tunity for the visitors to look more closely into any of the 
details of the work that they may desire to observe. 

2.00 P.M. Founder's Day Exercises, Chapel. The speakers will be: 
Dr. Wallace Buttrick, Chairman General Education 
Board; Hon. Josephus Daniels, ex-Secretary of the Navy; 
Dr. George C. Hall, of Chicago, noted Negro Surgeon. 
Unveiling of Statue to Booker T. Washington. 

Presented to the Board of Trustees on behalf of the 
Negroes of America, by Dr. Emmett J. Scott, Howard 
University, formerly Secretary to Dr. Washington. 
Accepted on behalf of the Trustees by William G. 
Willcox, Chairman of the Board. 

4.30 Parade by the Cadet Regiment. 

[29} 



Photographs by 

C. M. Battey, Photographic Division 

TusKEGEE Normal and Industrial Institute 

except frontispiece by L. II. Dreyer, New York 



This book has been designed and 

produced by 

Edward Scott Swazey 

New York 



Printed by 
Redfield-Kendrick-Odell Company, Inc. 

New York 



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